14,815 research outputs found

    Lithologic mapping of silicate rocks using TIMS

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    Common rock-forming minerals have thermal infrared spectral features that are measured in the laboratory to infer composition. An airborne Daedalus scanner (TIMS) that collects six channels of thermal infrared radiance data (8 to 12 microns), may be used to measure these same features for rock identification. Previously, false-color composite pictures made from channels 1, 3, and 5 and emittance spectra for small areas on these images were used to make lithologic maps. Central wavelength, standard deviation, and amplitude of normal curves regressed on the emittance spectra are related to compositional information for crystalline igneous silicate rocks. As expected, the central wavelength varies systematically with silica content and with modal quartz content. Standard deviation is less sensitive to compositional changes, but large values may result from mixed admixture of vegetation. Compression of the six TIMS channels to three image channels made from the regressed parameters may be effective in improving geologic mapping from TIMS data, and these synthetic images may form a basis for the remote assessment of rock composition

    Geologic utility of improved orbital measurements

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    From a geologists point of view, the most important use of orbital cameras is probably to provide spatial or context information in remote areas. This information can be extracted even from broad-band, single channel images provided that the spatial resolution is adequate for the problem at hand. Topographic information, usually provided by stereoscopic images, is next in importance. Any satellite system designed to satisfy general geologic requirements must produce stereo images, preferably with large base/height ratios of 0.5 or more. Satellite coverage at different illumination geometries could provide low Sun angles for regions of low relief where topography must be accentuated, and high Sun angles for areas of high relief or when multispectral data are being collected. Thus a different polar orbit than that of LANDSAT would be advantageous. The extended spectral sensitivity of scanner permits interferences of the composition of rocks in the scene to be drawn directly, rather than from contextual clues

    ‘How do primary school teachers understand and express their spirituality in the workplace?’ an interpretative phenomenological analysis of professional educators’ spiritual expression in primary schools

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    The aim of this study was to uncover and illuminate aspects of spirituality, which may be present in the work of primary school teachers. Four themes emerged out the analysis and were coded using the methodology consistent with an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The themes were: ● Spirituality as an aspect of identity formation and understanding. ● Relationships as central to understanding and formation. ● Teaching and learning as a shared encounter through mentoring. ● Spirituality as a contextual resource. IPA was chosen as a methodology as it places the participant as central to and expert in their lived experience whilst acknowledging the ways in which the researcher impacts on the interpretative process. Drawing on phenomenology whilst adopting a systematic process of analysis, the material uncovered ways in which spirituality can be used a resource in the professional encounter. The implications for this study points towards a new definition of spirituality that encompasses ‘moments of profundity and connection with other that leads to change’. This is particularly important in relation to the teachers in this study and could be of value to others in the education profession. Seeing one’s spirituality as a source of wisdom and as a contextual resource has allowed the participants to make connections with their colleagues and pupils that draw heavily on their spirituality in order to make sense of and bring change to situations and relationships. These instances are profound in nature for each individual but has brought about change in the situation, relationship or way of teaching and relating to one’s environment. As such the definition of spirituality in this study both encompasses established understanding of what it means to be spiritual but places this in the educational environment and profession. It is hoped that the findings of this study lead to an awareness of the way in which one’s spirituality can be drawn upon as a positive agential resource will be acknowledged in teacher education programmes and school-based teaching

    Internal thermal noise in the LIGO test masses : a direct approach

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    The internal thermal noise in LIGO's test masses is analyzed by a new technique, a direct application of the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem to LIGO's readout observable, x(t)=x(t)=(longitudinal position of test-mass face, weighted by laser beam's Gaussian profile). Previous analyses, which relied on a normal-mode decomposition of the test-mass motion, were valid only if the dissipation is uniformally distributed over the test-mass interior, and they converged reliably to a final answer only when the beam size was a non-negligible fraction of the test-mass cross section. This paper's direct analysis, by contrast, can handle inhomogeneous dissipation and arbitrary beam sizes. In the domain of validity of the previous analysis, the two methods give the same answer for Sx(f)S_x(f), the spectral density of thermal noise, to within expected accuracy. The new analysis predicts that thermal noise due to dissipation concentrated in the test mass's front face (e.g. due to mirror coating) scales as 1/r021/r_0^2, by contrast with homogeneous dissipation, which scales as 1/r01/r_0 (r0r_0 is the beam radius); so surface dissipation could become significant for small beam sizes.Comment: 6 pages, RevTex, 1 figur

    Electro-optic bunch diagnostics on ALICE

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    An electro-optic longitudinal bunch profile monitor has been implemented on ALICE (Accelerators and Lasers in Combined Experiments) at the Daresbury Laboratories and will be used both to characterise the electron bunch and to provide a testbed for electro-optic techniques. The electro-optic station is located immediately after the bunch compressor, within the FEL cavity; its location allows nearby OTR, beam profile monitors and Coherent Synchrontron Radiation (CSR) diagnostics to be used for calibration and benchmarking. We discuss the implementation and the planned studies on electro-optic diagnostics using this diagnostic station

    Associated strangeness production in the pp to pK^+K^-p and pp to pK^+ pi^0 Sigma^0 reactions

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    The total and differential cross sections for associated strangeness production in the pp→pK+K−ppp \to pK^+K^-p and pp→pK+π0ÎŁ0pp \to pK^+\pi^0\Sigma^0 reactions have been studied in a unified approach using an effective Lagrangian model. It is assumed that both the K−pK^-p and π0ÎŁ0\pi^0\Sigma^0 final states originate from the decay of the Λ(1405)\Lambda(1405) resonance which was formed in the production chain pp→p(N∗(1535)→K+Λ(1405))pp\to p(N^*(1535)\to K^+\Lambda(1405)). The available experimental data are well reproduced, especially the ratio of the two total cross sections, which is much less sensitive to the particular model of the entrance channel. The significant coupling of the N∗(1535)N^*(1535) resonance to Λ(1405)K\Lambda(1405) K is further evidence for large ssˉs \bar{s} components in the quark wave function of the N∗(1535)N^*(1535) resonance.Comment: Published in Phys. Rev.

    The Public Service Staff Relations Board

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    Depuis la fin des annĂ©es trente, les commissions des relations de travail sont intĂ©grĂ©es Ă  la plupart des lois sur les relations du travail en AmĂ©rique du Nord. Au Canada, la Commission des relations de travail dans la fonction publique (CRTFP) est seule responsable de l'application de la Loi sur les relations de travail dans la fonction publique. Outre les membres de la Commission, prĂ©sidĂ©e par l'un d'entre eux, la CRTFP compte un tribunal d'arbitrage, le bureau de l'arbitre en chef et le Bureau de recherches sur les traitements (BRT).Tripartite, la Commission gĂšre en grande partie le rĂ©gime des relations de travail. Ses principales fonctions consistent Ă  accrĂ©diter des associations d'employĂ©s Ă  titre d'agents nĂ©gociateurs pour divers groupes d'occupations ; dans le cas des unitĂ©s de nĂ©gociation oĂč la mĂ©thode de rĂšglement des diffĂ©rends par conciliation et grĂšve a Ă©tĂ© choisie, dĂ©signer les employĂ©s dont l'exercice des fonctions est indispensable Ă  la sĂ»retĂ© et Ă  la sĂ©curitĂ© du public et qui ne peuvent participer Ă  une grĂšve lĂ©gale ; entendre les griefs des agents nĂ©gociateurs et des employeurs ; mener des enquĂȘtes sur de prĂ©tendues erreurs de loi ou de compĂ©tence ; dĂ©cider de rĂšglements sur un grand nombre de questions incluses dans le cadre de la convention collective ; et faire des dĂ©clarations de lĂ©galitĂ© des grĂšves. Donc, la principale fonction de la Commission est de superviser les activitĂ©s du rĂ©gime de nĂ©gociation collective.C'est au PrĂ©sident de la Commission qu'a Ă©tĂ© confĂ©rĂ© le pouvoir d'appliquer les dispositions de la loi relatives au rĂšglement des diffĂ©rends. Il a comme responsabilitĂ© de nommer des conciliateurs et des mĂ©diateurs quand les parties font appel Ă  leurs services pour s'entendre sur une convention collective ; de les aider Ă  conclure une convention collective ; de dĂ©terminer s'il y a lieu d'Ă©tablir un bureau de conciliation pour rĂ©gler des diffĂ©rends concernant la convention collective et les attributions de ce bureau de conciliation ; et de choisir les membres du tribunal d'arbitrage.Le tribunal d'arbitrage est un moyen pour les fonctionnaires fĂ©dĂ©raux de rĂ©gler leurs diffĂ©rends avec leur employeur sans avoir recours Ă  un arrĂȘt de travail. Le rĂŽle du tribunal se limite Ă  prendre des dĂ©cisions portant seulementsur les taux de traitement, la durĂ©e du travail, les droits Ă  des congĂ©s, les normes de discipline et les conditions d'emploi qui se rattachent Ă  ces questions et n'ont pas Ă©tĂ© rĂ©glĂ©s entre les parties. Les employĂ©s des unitĂ©s de nĂ©gociation ont la possibilitĂ© de recourir Ă  un bureau de conciliation pour rĂ©gler leurs diffĂ©rends sur la convention collective. Celui-ci si l'on a Ă©puisĂ© tous les recours, peut les autoriser Ă  faire une grĂšve lĂ©gale. LaLoi sur les relations de travail dans la fonction publique consacre ainsi deux mĂ©thodes de rĂšglement des litiges concernant les conventions collectives.Les employĂ©s ont le droit de dĂ©poser des griefs au sujet de leurs conditions d'emploi et de renvoyer ceux qui portent sur l'interprĂ©tation ou l'application d'une convention collective, ou d'une dĂ©cision arbitrale, ou d'une mesure disciplinaire entraĂźnant le congĂ©diement, la suspension ou une peine pĂ©cuniaire, Ă  un tiers d'arbitrage. Les agents nĂ©gociateurs et l'employeur peuvent aussi rĂ©fĂ©rer leurs griefs qui pourraient ne pas ĂȘtre du mĂȘme ordre que ceux d'un simple employĂ©, Ă  l'arbitre en chef. Toutes les dĂ©cisions prises par les arbitres sont sans appel et exĂ©cutoires pour les deux parties.Le Bureau de recherches sur les traitements obtient et fournit aux parties en nĂ©gociation des renseignements sur les taux de traitement, les salaires des employĂ©s, les conditions d'emploi et les pratiques pertinentes qui ont cours tant Ă  l'intĂ©rieur qu'Ă  l'extĂ©rieur de la fonction publique. Les donnĂ©es du BRT sont les donnĂ©es de fait, impartiales et objectives. Le BRT ne participe pas Ă  la nĂ©gociation des conventions collectives, ni Ă  la fixation des taux de traitement des fonctionnaires.La Commission des relations de travail dans la fonction publique est un organisme neutre dont la compĂ©tence est trĂšs Ă©tendue Ă  l'intĂ©rieur des limites du rĂ©gime de nĂ©gociation collective. Les divers bureaux de cet organisme neutre constituent une autoritĂ© administrative dont le cadre est particulier au domaine des relations de travail au niveau fĂ©dĂ©ral. La centralisation des pouvoirs dans le cadre d'un rĂ©gime oĂč le gouvernement est aussi l'« employeur », est nĂ©cessaire du fait que les organismes neutres existants au ministĂšre du Travail, par exemple, ne pourraient plus ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©s comme tels lorsqu'il s'agit de rĂ©gler des conflits. Quelle que soit la raison d'ĂȘtre de la centralisation, les dispositions amenant une dĂ©cision par une troisiĂšme partie pour rĂ©gler des griefs, le systĂšme de donnĂ©es du Bureau de recherches sur les traitements ou le caractĂšre presque juridique du Tribunal d'arbitrage, tous ressortissant Ă  une seule administration, est une caractĂ©ristique unique du rĂ©gime de nĂ©gociation collective de la fonction publique fĂ©dĂ©rale.À l'origine, les bureaux de la Commission des relations de travail dans la fonction publique Ă©taient indĂ©pendants et ne relevaient pas du gouvernement. L'organisme lui-mĂȘme s'est Ă©galement efforcĂ© de maintenir sa neutralitĂ© pour garantir sa crĂ©dibilitĂ©. Par consĂ©quent, l'aide donnĂ©e par les bureaux de la Commission des relations de travail dans la fonction publique, le tiers neutre du rĂ©gime de nĂ©gociation collective du secteur public fĂ©dĂ©ral, est nĂ©cessaire au bon fonctionnement du rĂ©gime des relations de travail.This paper is primarily an attempt to describe the organization, functions, and influence of the neutral third-party agency in the Federal Public Service collective bargaining system

    International organizations and the problem of child health, 1945-1960

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    Faced with planning mass relief campaigns in liberated Europe in the aftermath of the Second World War, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administra­tion relied heavily on cheap supplies of skimmed milk from surplus production in northern Europe. The success of this approach swept aside more detailed planning around restoring national maternal and children’s health services. This reliance on mass feeding continued into the post-war years. UNICEF, the agency with the most substantial financial resources, continued this supply-driven approach despite growing reservations by nutritionists in its rival agencies —the UN Food and Agricultural Organization and the World Health Organization
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